Migraine headaches are different from other types of headaches and can be diagnosed by the location and characteristics of the pain. (Table 2) Family history of migraines, age when the first attack occurred, and frequency and duration of headaches will also help to determine whether an individual is suffering from migraines or not.

Migraine Characteristics

The IHS has created a list of symptoms that characterize the two forms of migraine headaches–migraine without aura (common migraine) and migraine with aura (classic migraine). (Table 2)

Table 2. Characteristics of Migraine Headaches created by the International Headache Society3

Migraine without aura (common migraine) At least five attacks per year that last 4 — 72 hours At least two of the following symptoms: Pain on one side of the head only Pulsing pain Moderate-to-severe intensity that inhibits or prohibits one’s ability to function Aggravating pain caused by physical activity, such as climbing stairs At least one of the following symptoms: Nausea and/or vomiting Light sensitivity or sound sensitivity No evidence of any other diseases that may cause these symptoms

Migraine with aura (classic migraine) At least two attacks per year At least three of the following symptoms: One or more aura symptoms that later subside. Aura symptoms include: alterations in vision; numbness or tingling in the face, arm, or hand on one side of the body; muscular weakness or mild paralysis on one side of the body; and/or difficulty speaking or loss of speech. Gradual development of at least one aura symptom over more than four minutes or two or more symptoms that occur at the same time Aura symptoms that last no more than 60 minutes Headache that occurs simultaneously with aura symptoms or follows aura within 60 minutes No evidence of any other diseases that may cause these symptoms